HASLab

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This service produces reliable software systems in contexts where correctness, responsiveness, robustness and security are essential. It develops integrated research in three lines: formal methods for software development, reliable distributed systems and information security.

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Browsing HASLab by Author "5599"
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    50 years of Research in Engineering Interactive Computing Systems: the CCL 1974 to EICS 2024 journey
    ( 2024) José Creissac Campos ; 5599
    This panel commemorates the 50th anniversary of the IFIP TC2 Working Conference on Command Languages (CCL) and the 30th anniversary of the workshop series on Design Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems (DSV-IS), and uses that opportunity to position EICS within the HCI community. The discussion traces the origins of the EICS conference, from the union of seminal conferences to its current status and looks forward into its (possible) future. Reflecting on its contributions to the evolution of HCI methodologies, tools, and practices, the panel highlights the conference's role and impact on shaping the engineering of interactive systems.
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    Addressing Interactive Computing Systems' Concerns in Software Engineering Degrees
    ( 2022) José Creissac Campos ; António Nestor Ribeiro ; 5599 ; 5639
    This paper arises from experience by the authors in teaching software engineering courses. It discusses the need for adequate coverage of Human-Computer Interaction topics in these courses and the challenges faced when addressing them. Three courses, at both licentiate and master's levels, are used as triggers for the discussion. The paper argues that the lack of relevant Human-Computer Interaction concepts creates challenges when teaching and learning requirements analysis, design, and implementation of software systems. The approaches adopted to address these challenges are described.
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    Addressing Interactive Computing Systems' Concerns in Software Engineering Degrees
    ( 2021) José Creissac Campos ; António Nestor Ribeiro ; 5599 ; 5639
    This paper arises from experience by the authors in teaching software engineering courses. It discusses the need for adequate coverage of Human-Computer Interaction topics in these courses and the challenges faced when addressing them. Three courses, at both licentiate and master’s levels, are used as triggers for the discussion. The paper argues that the lack of relevant Human-Computer Interaction concepts creates challenges when teaching and learning requirements analysis, design, and implementation of software systems. The approaches adopted to address these challenges are described. © 2022, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.
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    Addressing Interactive Computing Systems' Concerns in Software Engineering Degrees
    ( 2021) José Creissac Campos ; António Nestor Ribeiro ; 5599 ; 5639
    This paper arises from experience by the authors in teaching software engineering courses. It discusses the need for adequate coverage of Human-Computer Interaction topics in these courses and the challenges faced when addressing them. Three courses, at both licentiate and master’s levels, are used as triggers for the discussion. The paper argues that the lack of relevant Human-Computer Interaction concepts creates challenges when teaching and learning requirements analysis, design, and implementation of software systems. The approaches adopted to address these challenges are described. © 2022, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.
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    AMAN Case Study
    ( 2023) José Creissac Campos ; 5599
    This document presents the case study for the ABZ 2023 conference. The case study introduces a safety critical interactive system called AMAN (Arrival MANager), which is a partly-autonomous scheduler of landing sequences of aircraft in airports. This interactive systems interleaves Air Traffic Controllers activities with automation in AMAN. While some AMAN systems are currently deployed in airports, we consider here only a subset of functions which represent a challenge in modelling and verification. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    AMAN Case Study
    ( 2023) José Creissac Campos ; 5599
    This document presents the case study for the ABZ 2023 conference. The case study introduces a safety critical interactive system called AMAN (Arrival MANager), which is a partly-autonomous scheduler of landing sequences of aircraft in airports. This interactive systems interleaves Air Traffic Controllers activities with automation in AMAN. While some AMAN systems are currently deployed in airports, we consider here only a subset of functions which represent a challenge in modelling and verification. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    AMAN Case Study
    ( 2023) José Creissac Campos ; 5599
    This document presents the case study for the ABZ 2023 conference. The case study introduces a safety critical interactive system called AMAN (Arrival MANager), which is a partly-autonomous scheduler of landing sequences of aircraft in airports. This interactive systems interleaves Air Traffic Controllers activities with automation in AMAN. While some AMAN systems are currently deployed in airports, we consider here only a subset of functions which represent a challenge in modelling and verification. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Assessing the impact of hints in learning formal specification
    ( 2024) Nuno Moreira Macedo ; José Creissac Campos ; Alcino Cunha ; 5625 ; 5599 ; 5612
    Background: Many progranunmg environments include automated feedback in the form of hints to help novices learn autonomously. Some experimental studies investigated the impact of automated liints in the immediate, performance and learning retention in that context. Automated feedback is also becoming a popular research topic in the context of formal specification languages, but so far no experimental studies have been conducted to assess its impact while learning such languages. Objective: We aim to investigate the impact of different types of automated hints while learning a formal specification language, not only in terms of immediate performance and learning retention, but also in the emotional response of the students. Method: We conducted a simple one-factor randomised experiment in 2 sessions involving 85 BSc students majoring in CSE. In the 1st session students were divided in 1 control group and 3 experimental groups, each receiving a different type of hint while learning to specify simple, requirements with the Alloy formal specification language. To assess the impact of hints on learning retention, in the 2nd session, 1 week later, students had no hints while formalising requirements. Before and after each session the students answered a standard self-reporting emotional survey to assess their emotional response to the experiment. Results: Of the 3 types of hints considered, only those pointing to the precise location of an error had a positive impact on the immediate performance and none had significant impact in learning retention. Hint availability also causes a significant impact on the emotional response, but no significant emotional :impact exists once hints are no longer available (i.e. no deprivation effects were detected). Conclusion: Although none of the evaluated hints had an impact on learning retention, learning a formal specification language with an environment that provides hints with precise error locations seems to contribute to a better overall experience without apparent drawbacks. Further studies are needed to investigate if other kind of feedback, namely hints combined with some sort of self explanation prompts, can have a positive impact in learning retention.
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    Balancing the formal and the informal in user-centred design
    ( 2021) José Creissac Campos ; Harrison,MD ; Masci,P ; 5599
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    Balancing the Formal and the Informal in User-centred Design
    ( 2021) Michael Douglas Harrison ; José Creissac Campos ; 6421 ; 5599
    This paper explores the role of formal methods as part of the user-centred design of interactive systems. An iterative process is described, developing prototypes incrementally, proving user-centred requirements while at the same time evaluating the prototypes that are executable forms of the developed models using 'traditional' techniques for user evaluation. A formal analysis complements user evaluations. This approach enriches user-centred design that typically focuses understanding on context and producing sketch designs. These sketches are often non-functional (e.g. paper) prototypes. They provide a means of exploring candidate design possibilities using techniques such as cooperative evaluation. This paper describes a further step in the process using formal analysis techniques. The use of formal methods provides a systematic approach to checking plausibility and consistency during early design stages, while at the same time enabling the generation of executable prototypes. The technique is illustrated through an example based on a pill dispenser.
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    Development and Validation of a Descriptive Cognitive Model for Predicting Usability Issues in a Low-Code Development Platform
    ( 2021) José Creissac Campos ; António Nestor Ribeiro ; 5599 ; 5639
    Objective The aim of the study was the development and evaluation of a Descriptive Cognitive Model (DCM) for the identification of three types of usability issues in a low-code development platform (LCDP). Background LCDPs raise the level of abstraction of software development by freeing end-users from implementation details. An effective LCDP requires an understanding of how its users conceptualize programming. It is necessary to identify the gap between the LCDP end-users' conceptualization of programming and the actions required by the platform. It is also relevant to evaluate how the conceptualization of the programming tasks varies according to the end-users' skills. Method DCMs are widely used in the description and analysis of the interaction between users and systems. We propose a DCM which we called PRECOG that combines task decomposition methods with knowledge-based descriptions and criticality analysis. This DCM was validated using empirical techniques to provide the best insight regarding the users' interaction performance. Twenty programmers (10 experts, 10 novices) were observed using an LCDP and their interactions were analyzed according to our DCM. Results The DCM correctly identified several problems felt by first-time platform users. The patterns of issues observed were qualitatively different between groups. Experts mainly faced interaction-related problems, while novices faced problems attributable to a lack of programming skills. Conclusion By applying the proposed DCM we were able to predict three types of interaction problems felt by first-time users of the LCDP. Application The method is applicable when it is relevant to identify possible interaction problems, resulting from the users' background knowledge being insufficient to guarantee a successful completion of the task at hand.
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    Development and Validation of a Descriptive Cognitive Model for Predicting Usability Issues in a Low-Code Development Platform
    ( 2021) Silva,C ; Vieira,J ; José Creissac Campos ; Rui Miguel Couto ; António Nestor Ribeiro ; 5639 ; 5599 ; 6000
    Objective The aim of the study was the development and evaluation of a Descriptive Cognitive Model (DCM) for the identification of three types of usability issues in a low-code development platform (LCDP). Background LCDPs raise the level of abstraction of software development by freeing end-users from implementation details. An effective LCDP requires an understanding of how its users conceptualize programming. It is necessary to identify the gap between the LCDP end-users' conceptualization of programming and the actions required by the platform. It is also relevant to evaluate how the conceptualization of the programming tasks varies according to the end-users' skills. Method DCMs are widely used in the description and analysis of the interaction between users and systems. We propose a DCM which we called PRECOG that combines task decomposition methods with knowledge-based descriptions and criticality analysis. This DCM was validated using empirical techniques to provide the best insight regarding the users' interaction performance. Twenty programmers (10 experts, 10 novices) were observed using an LCDP and their interactions were analyzed according to our DCM. Results The DCM correctly identified several problems felt by first-time platform users. The patterns of issues observed were qualitatively different between groups. Experts mainly faced interaction-related problems, while novices faced problems attributable to a lack of programming skills. Conclusion By applying the proposed DCM we were able to predict three types of interaction problems felt by first-time users of the LCDP. Application The method is applicable when it is relevant to identify possible interaction problems, resulting from the users' background knowledge being insufficient to guarantee a successful completion of the task at hand.
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    Distance Perception in Immersive Environments - The Role of Photorealism
    ( 2015) Silva,C ; José Creissac Campos ; Santos,J ; Basso,D ; Mouta,S ; 5599
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    Don't go in there! using the APEX framework in the design of ambient assisted living systems
    ( 2017) Abade,T ; Harrison,MD ; Silva,JL ; José Creissac Campos ; 5599
    An approach to design Ambient Assisted Living systems is presented, which is based on APEX, a framework for prototyping ubiquitous environments. The approach is illustrated through the design of a smart environment within a care home for older people. Prototypes allow participants in the design process to experience the proposed design and enable developers to explore design alternatives rapidly. APEX provides the means to explore alternative environment designs virtually. The prototypes developed with APEX offered a mediating representation, allowing users to be involved in the design process. A group of residents in a city-based care home were involved in the design. The paper describes the design process as well as lessons learned for the future design of AAL systems. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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    Editorial to the Second IFIP WG 2.7/13.4 Workshop on HCI Engineering Education
    ( 2024) José Creissac Campos ; 5599
    The second workshop on HCI Engineering Education continued the effort of the IFIP Working Group 2.7/13.4 on User Interface Engineering by discussing the issues and identifying the opportunities in teaching and learning Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Engineering. The workshop attracted eight papers covering different teaching contexts, ranging from massive university courses, passing through different teaching experiences in specific academic curricula, and even teaching engineering concepts to children. In addition, the workshop received input for improving and adapting the repository material to the dynamic nature of this field. The discussion after the presentation of the contributions focused on how to model competencies, the support to interdisciplinary work, the overall course design, the recruitment of the students and the provision of educational resources, paving the way for further editions of the workshop.
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    Formal Modelling as a Component of User Centred Design
    ( 2018) Paolo Masci ; Harrison,MD ; José Creissac Campos ; 6577 ; 5599
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    Formal verification of interactive computing systems: Opportunities and challenges
    ( 2019) José Creissac Campos ; Harrison,MD ; 5599
    Formal verification has the potential to provide a level of evidence based assurance not possible by more traditional development approaches. For this potential to be fulfilled, its integration into existing practices must be achieved. Starting from this premise, the position paper discusses the opportunities created and the challenges faced by the use of formal verification in the analysis of critical interactive computing systems. Three main challenges are discussed: the accessibility of the modelling stage; support for expressing relevant properties; the need to provide analysis results that are comprehensible to a broad range of expertise including software, safety and human factors. Copyright © 2019 for this paper by its authors.
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    A Generator of User Interface Prototypes for the IVY Workbench
    ( 2019) José Creissac Campos ; Araújo,JM ; Couto,R ; 5599
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    A Generator of User Interface Prototypes for the IVY Workbench
    ( 2019) Couto,R ; Araujo,JM ; José Creissac Campos ; 5599