Non INESC TEC publications - Indexed Articles in Journals
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ItemRanking programming languages by energy efficiency( 2021)This paper compares a large set of programming languages regarding their efficiency, including from an energetic point-of-view. Indeed, we seek to establish and analyze different rankings for programming languages based on their energy efficiency. The goal of being able to rank programming languages based on their energy efficiency is both recent, and certainly deserves further studies. We have taken rigorous and strict solutions to 10 well defined programming problems, expressed in (up to) 27 programming languages, from the well known Computer Language Benchmark Game repository. This repository aims to compare programming languages based on a strict set of implementation rules and configurations for each benchmarking problem. We have also built a framework to automatically, and systematically, run, measure and compare the energy, time, and memory efficiency of such solutions. Ultimately, it is based on such comparisons that we propose a series of efficiency rankings, based on single and multiple criteria. Our results show interesting findings, such as how slower/faster languages can consume less/more energy, and how memory usage influences energy consumption. We also present a simple way to use our results to provide software engineers and practitioners support in deciding which language to use when energy efficiency is a concern. In addition, we further validate our results and rankings against implementations from a chrestomathy program repository, Rosetta Code., by reproducing our methodology and benchmarking system. This allows us to understand how the results and conclusions from our rigorously and well defined benchmarked programs compare to those based on more representative and real-world implementations. Indeed our results show that the rankings do not change apart from one programming language. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
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ItemAggregated dynamic model of active distribution networks for large voltage disturbances(Elsevier - Electrical Power System Research Volume 178, 2020-01)This paper proposes a “grey-box” aggregated dynamic model for active distribution networks, taking into account a heterogeneous fleet of generation technologies alongside their expected behavior when taking into account the latest European grid codes requirements in terms of voltage support services. The main goal of the proposed model and underlying methodology for its identification is to represent the transient behavior of the active distribution system following large voltage disturbances occurring at the transmission side. The proposed aggregated model is composed by three main components: an equivalent power converter for generation and battery energy storage systems portfolio representation; an equivalent synchronous generation unit; and an equivalent composite load model. The model’s parameters are estimated by an evolutionary particle swarm optimization algorithm, by comparing a fully-detailed model of a distribution network with the aggregated model’s frequency domain’s responses of active and reactive power flows, at the boundary of transmission-distribution interface substation.